Increased car use in cities leads to major traffic and environmental problems, such as traffic congestion, air and noise pollution. High auto-dependency is also associated with increased transport expenditure, deterioration of health, and social isolation. Reducing car use has remained a perennial problem for most cities across the world.
Among the many strategies used to reduce auto-dependency, working from home shows great potential. Working from home (also known as teleworking) means fewer cars on the road, potentially reducing rush-hour congestion. Research from Halifax, Canada, shows promise: full-time teleworkers travel 18% fewer kilometers compared to hybrid workers (working some days from home and some days in office), while those who never telework drive 33% more. Teleworkers also own fewer cars and favor active transportation like walking and biking. The environmental benefits are substantial too; working from home one day a week can save CAD 117 in fuel and cut 164 kg of CO₂ emissions annually.
To fully realize these benefits, cities must encourage active transportation and mixed-use development. Compact neighborhoods with nearby amenities can reduce car dependence. Optimizing last-mile delivery and promoting sustainable practices can mitigate delivery truck traffic. Reducing car use offers economic, social, and environmental rewards. Economically, cities with less traffic see savings in fuel costs and productivity. Socially, fewer cars mean safer, healthier communities. Walkable neighborhoods foster social interaction and better mental health. Environmentally, cutting car use lowers greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to cleaner air and reduced urban heat.
However, cars still offer flexibility, so balance is key. Cities should prioritize public transit, cycling, and walking while accommodating essential car use. Strategic planning can reduce suburban sprawl, a significant contributor to emissions. Suburban households often drive longer distances and own larger homes, doubling their carbon footprint compared to urban dwellers. Expanding public transport and creating pedestrian-friendly environments are crucial steps.
Behavioral shifts are essential, too. Major life changes, such as moving or changing jobs, often trigger new travel habits. Encouraging greener choices during these transitions can have lasting impacts. Public education on cycling safety and infrastructure improvements can address perceptions and promote active travel.
Globally, initiatives like fare-free public transport in Luxembourg and Paris show potential, but convenience and integration with other modes are key. Concepts like 15-minute neighborhoods, where essentials are within walking or biking distance can be further explored.
Reducing car dependency demands a collective effort from individuals, policymakers, and technology innovators. Cleaner air, healthier communities, and economic savings are all within our reach. By rethinking how we travel and redesigning our cities, we can create more vibrant, sustainable places to live.
Photo by Aleksejs Bergmanis
